A great many industrial sensors — flow, level, temperature, pressure, pH, and the list goes on — produce a 4-20 mA output, but today's factories increasingly need digital inputs via standard field ...

A pulse-width modulator (PWM) is a common way of generating analog outputs from a digital component. A PWM replaces a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that generates analog voltage or current ...

Confused by analog-to-digital converter specifications? Here's a primer to help you decipher them and make the right decisions for your project. Although manufacturers use common terms to describe ...

HD Radio allows conventional (or terrestrial) AM and FM stations to broadcast their content over digital signals. Appropriating an abbreviation from high-definition TV, HD Radio offers better sound ...

In a digital world, why bother with analog? Well, sometimes it can still be the right solution. Take, for instance, the analog multiplier (see figure). At its simplest, it’s a circuit that leverages ...

Back in the day where the microprocessor was our standard building block, we tended to concentrate on computation and processing of data and not so much on I/O. Simply put there were a lot of things ...

Considerations for dividing analog and digital blocks. Decoupling techniques. Breaking down the board layers. How best to deal with grounding. Similar to building a house, it’s essential to create a ...