Find a downloadable version of this story in pdf format at the end of the story. Motors are used in countless consumer electronics applications, and technology improvements that have led to more ...

The circuit in Figure 1 is a high-power analog of the popular TL431 programmable shunt regulator. This two-terminal circuit is convenient when the drain of the P-channel FET is grounded, since it ...

Find a downloadable version of this story in pdf format at the end of the story. The shunts employed for current measurements are typically connected in series with the load, and the voltage drop ...

Solar-photovoltaic arrays seem to get cheaper and more efficient every day, making them increasingly practical in renewable and/or remote power supply applications. Still, the voltage generated by any ...